The collaboration began as early as 1904 with water level measurements in Lake Torneträsk, first at Tornehamn and, from 1917 onward, in Abisko. Today, ANS is responsible for supervision and control of the instruments, while data is collected automatically and transmitted to SMHI every fifteen minutes via 4G.

High-precision measurements provide invaluable climate data

The water level in Torneträsk is recorded daily, enabling accurate calculations of the outflow at the Tarrakoski rapids. Over time, these data have become a vital resource for research in hydrology, climate science, and ecology. All data are openly available to the public through SMHI’s databases.

– These long data series are extremely valuable for understanding climate change and its consequences. While long measurement records are not uncommon, the combination of several types of measurements from a high-latitude location over such a long period is almost unique, says Erik Lundin, research engineer at ANS and the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat.

Clear signs of climate change in Abisko

Analysis of the long-term time series reveals clear indications of climate change in Abisko. For instance, the spring flood from Torneträsk now occurs earlier in the year. Until the 1950s, it typically occurred in July, but it now tends to occur in June. Similar trends are observed in other datasets from Abisko, including shorter ice cover periods, rising air temperatures, and changes in vegetation and wetlands.

International award from WMO

These long-term hydrological measurements recently drew international attention. In June 2024, the WMO awarded the Abisko Scientific Research Station and SMHI the Centennial Award, which honors stations that have delivered consistent, high-quality data for over 100 years.

– This recognition is fantastic and highlights the importance of long-term thinking in environmental and climate research. It’s an important acknowledgement of the efforts made by generations of hydrologists, says Frida Thelander, field hydrologist at SMHI.

Continued work for future generations

ANS and SMHI look forward to continuing their collaboration and hope that the long data series will help society address future challenges.

– These data not only help us understand the changes taking place, but also support planning and preparedness. Our goal is to ensure that these important measurements continue well into the future, concludes Erik Lundin.